Though the stories are fictionalized, the events they draw from are historical, enabling readers to empathize with the perils of those whose lives are too often dismissed as remote news stories. Isabel Fernandez is an eleven-year-old girl who lives just outside Havana in 1994. Last Updated on June 29, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. After Mahmouds home is destroyed, his brother Waleed, sister Hana, and his parents drive to the border of Turkey, hoping to escape. In Isabels journey, Ivn is claimed by sharks, which symbolize the life-taking maw of the ocean. Josef's story is set in Nazi Germany in 1939. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba has become inhospitable for most of its citizens under the regime of Fidel Castro. Isabels beloved grandfather Litoshort for Abuelitois on board as well, though he is unsure about leaving Cuba. Summary & Analysis Josef: Berlin, Germany - 1938; Isabel: Outside Havana, Cuba - 1994 (1) Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria - 2015 (1) . The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Get news and updates about the stuff Alan writes! You'll be billed after your free trial ends. for a customized plan. $24.99 Mahmoud learns to shed his anonymity and turn more decisive as his raft flounders in the Mediterranean. Mahmoud and his family travel through Serbia and into Hungary, where they are detained at a refugee camp that is built like a prison. On Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, seven Nazi Brownshirts (storm troopers) raid his home. Josef again shows his passage into adulthood, as he notices and worries about his mothers mental condition. Refugee: Plot Overview | SparkNotes They wash their hands and pray facing Mecca, praising God and reciting from the Qur'an. His mother gives the sailor their tickets and they board the boat. Josef's family is finally reunited months later in 1939, and they attempt to escape Nazi Germany aboard the M.S. When the St. Louis reaches Havana Harbor in Cuba, the ship is not allowed to dock. Instant PDF downloads. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. "Refugee - Summary" eNotes Publishing They walk to the ship and their father races inside, convinced the authorities will try to stop them. Before the ceremony begins, the Rabbi asks the captain to take down the portrait of Hitler, which the captain does. Refugee by Alan Gratz is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. The rumor proves all too true, however, when the ship is marooned at the Cuban harbor for days, with officials telling the passengers day after day they will be allowed to disembark maanaSpanish for tomorrow. Aaron, who suffers a mental breakdown and jumps ship, is rescued by a Cuban police officer called Mariano Padron and allowed into Cuba, but Josef, Rachel, and Ruthand the rest of the passengers of the St. Louisare turned back. Fidel Castro has taken over the country of Cuba and the citizens are sick of his dictatorship. Already a member? For the last few years, there has been a war in his country between the Syrian government, rebels, the Soviets, the United States and several other factions. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. What are some of the themes, symbols and motifs present in the novel? Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Lito, Isabels grandfather, allows himself to be deported so that the Fernandezes can make it to Florida. publication online or last modification online. Powerful and compelling. When Isabel is asked to play a song at her new school in America, she plays a Cuban salsa version of The Star-Spangled Banner.. His mother, father, little brother Waleed, and baby sister Hana barely manage to escape the bombing of their apartment building. In one, Josef and his Jewish family flee Nazi Berlin in 1938. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Josef understands himself to be German, and yet the Nazis are trying to take away this aspect of German Jewish peoples identity. After it capsizes, it is another boat that gives Hana a chance at life, and it is a Greek Coast Guard boat that ultimately rescues Mahmouds family. (read more from the Pages 164 - 215 Summary) More summaries and resources for teaching or studying Refugee (Alan Gratz). They board the St. Louis, a large German ship, and set out. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. Christina Diaz Gonzalez, author of The Red Umbrella and A Thunderous Whisper. In exchange for Rachels diamonds, the soldiers offer her an impossible bargain: she can save just one of her children from being arrested. Josef's story is set in Nazi Germany in 1939. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Full of struggle, heroism, and non-stop adventure, Refugee is not only an important book, its a terrific story. Refugee is more than a story about children fleeing their homelands, it is a story about what unites us all love, family and perseverance. The elderly woman Mahmoud meets is Ruth, Josefs younger sister. He is gaunt and thin; looking "like an escapee from a mental asylum" (36). His 2017 novel Refugee has spent more than two years on the New York Times bestseller list, and is the winner of 14 state awards. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Her father is caught participating in the "Maleconazo" riot, during which citizens protested the government's civil rights abuses as well as the economic crisis that had plunged the nation into poverty. Teachers and parents! However, unspeakable tragedy occurs when Ivn dies in a sudden shark attack. The journey aboard the St. Louis from Hamburg to Havana is a sunny interlude in Josef and Ruths troubled childhood. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs White Read-Aloud Award Finalist, 2018 NCTE Charlotte Huck Outstanding Fiction for Children Honor Book, 2017 Malka Penn Award for Human Rights in Childrens Literature Honor Book, Kirkus Reviews Best Middle Grade Historical Books of 2017, Publishers Weekly Best Middle Grade Books of 2017, Southern Living Best Childrens Books of 2017, Publishers Weekly Best Audiobooks of 2017, School Library Journal Top Ten Audio Books of 2017, Booklist Editors Choice: Top 10 Audio for Youth 2017, Audible Best Kids Audiobooks of 2017 Finalist, Center for the Study of Multicultural Childrens Books Best Books of 2017, New York Public Library Top 100 Best Books for Kids 2017, Chicago Public Library Kids Best Fiction for Older Readers 2017, Amazon Top 20 Best Childrens Books of 2017, 2019 Oklahoma Sequoyah Intermediate Book Award Winner, 2018-2019 Pennsylvania Young Readers Choice Grade 6-8 Winner, 2018-2019 Maine Student Book Award Winner, 2018-2019 Vermont Dorothy Canfield Fisher Award Winner, 2019 North Carolina Childrens Book Award Winner, 2019North Dakota Flicker Tale Book Award Winner, 2020 Illinois Rebecca Caudill Young Readers Book Award Winner, 2020 Wisconsin Golden Archer Medal Winner, 2019-2020 Louisiana Young Readers Choice Awards Honor Book, 2020 Arizona Grand Canyon Reader Award Winner, 2019-2020 Tennessee Volunteer State Book Award Winner, 2019-2020 Indiana Young Hoosier Book Award Winner, 2020 California Young Reader Book Award Winner, 2019-2020 Minnesota Maud Hart Lovelace Award Winner, 2018 Colorado Blue Spruce Young Adult Book Award Nominee, 2018-2019 MarylandBlack-Eyed Susan Book Award Nominee, 2020 Nebraska Golden Sower Award Finalist, 2020 New Jersey Garden State Teen Book Award Nominee, 2020 Washington State Sasquatch Book Award Nominee, 2019 Hampshire (England) Book Award Finalist, 2020 Colorado Childrens Choice Book Award Masterlist, 2020 Pacific Northwest Young Readers Choice Award Masterlist, 2020 New Hampshire Isinglass Teen Read Award Masterlist, 2021 German Youth Literature Award Nominee. Refugee Characters. Josef, his father, mother, and little sister Ruthie are all asleep when their home is invaded during Kristallnacht, the night when Nazi police and "Brownshirts" were directed to destroy Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues, and terrorize Jewish citizens all across Germany. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Refugee Chapters 33-43 Summary & Analysis | SuperSummary Mahmoud's story is set in Syria in 2015 during the Syrian Civil War. Aarons purported crime is that he is still practicing law when the Nazis have expressly forbidden the Jewish community from that profession. Im a big fan of that, and it was executed brilliantly here. On the ship, Ruth, born in Nazi Germany, has the freedom to play openly for the first time in her life. Even amongst people who have lost everything, they still have empathy toward this man who showed the same courtesy to a fellow Jewish person. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Even Mahmouds precarious raft is a promise of tomorrow. What is the resolution for Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud inRefugee? Within the portal, all users can view and copy all storyboards. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Refugee Chapters 12-21 Summary & Analysis | SuperSummary Once a beautiful, thriving city, Aleppo is now a bombed shell of its former self. Making their way past ISIS operatives, they get to Turkey by road, where a boat is to take them to Greece tomorrow. Again, like it was for the Landaus at the Cuban coast, that tomorrow is deferred, day after day and week after week, and the family is forced to take shelter in an abandoned Turkish mall. Word Count: 1050. If Cuba does not let the refugees in, it signifies a return to a society that is more than willing to be unjust and cruel toward them. Josef's father, along with thousands of other Jewish men, was arrested and sent to Dachau, a concentration camp. You have successfully joined Alan's newsletter list! Mahmoud Bishara's story begins in 2015, during the ongoing Syrian Civil War. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original The rest of the passengers grow angry. Refugee: Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean - LitCharts It gives the reader an unflinching look at the humanity, courage, and struggle of refugees seeking safety and freedom. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. The Bisharas set sail on the crowded raft, standing in the freezing rain and cold. A large part of the novels narrative focuses on boats, which represent tenuous hope. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. Though Josef is devastated, he wonders if this is what becoming a man means - not relying on your father. Continue to start your free trial. Their city of Aleppo is in ruins and the family decide that leaving Syria is their only option if they wish to survive. They will also appear in Google search results. After a violent conflict between the rebels and the Syrian government, Mahmoud and his family walk to the Turkish border. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: This is an engaging tale. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. The Castillos have been secretly building a makeshift boat and the next day, they set out together for Miami. They have come to arrest Josef's father: "Other Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were destroyed all over Germany, and tens of . According to Gratz, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad continues to wage war on his own people. Refugee is a New York Times bestselling historical fiction novel. Josefs hope starts to waver following the discovery that the ship may not actually allow them to find a new life in Cuba. Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with insurmountable and tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. Fast paced, insightful, filled with drama and tension. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. T he main characters in Refugee are Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara.. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish boy living in Berlin, Germany, in 1938. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. A passing, overcrowded boat cannot accommodate all of them, but at Mahmouds insistence, a woman onboard agrees to take Hana. In the back of the book, the author Alan Gratz offers ways that people can help refugees like Josef, Isabel, Mahmoud, and their families. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Its other accolades include the Sydney Taylor Book Award, the National Jewish Book Award, the Cybils Middle Grade Fiction Award, a Charlotte Huck Award Honor, and a Malka Penn Award for . Aarons real crime, of course, is that he is a Jew, the minority group that Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler wants to eradicate. for a group? Isabel's story is set in Cuba in 1994 during a time of great economic crisis and upheaval. Josef: Havana Harbor 1939, 19 days (2). Refugee is both thrilling and heartrending. Wed love to have you back! Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. They board the ship St. Louis, based on the actual ship that brought Jewish refugees to Cuba and then to the United States but was denied entry by both.That ship had to return the refugees to Europe, where they were split among four countries, and when those countries . The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Amidst the celebration of leaving, Josef is concerned about his father. That day in 1940 in France, her mother could not make the impossible choice before her. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Lito atones for the past by treading water and returning to Cuba. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. The ship leaves for Europe, and Captain Schroeder promises to divide the passengers between England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. date the date you are citing the material. Sometimes it can end up there. The boat the Castillos have cobbled together becomes the center of Isabels existence. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! The hatred that Josef experiences on the tour only reminds him, and the readers, of the stakes of the trip. His father was put into a concentration camp during "The Night of Broken Glass," while Josef and his sister, Ruth watched their father being taken inhumanly. everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Refugee. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days. Meanwhile, there is a rumor spreading that the ships passengers are likely to be turned back from Cuba, a thought too terrible for Josef to accept. Refugee: Chapter Summaries | SparkNotes The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The last date is today's Storyboards also promote higher-level thinking by encouraging students to synthesize information and think critically about what they have read. The family struggles between needing to stay "invisible" in order to avoid danger and survive and becoming "visible" so that those with means can give them aid. What I really like about this book is the changing perspectives. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Josef, his family, and the passengers are now faced with the possibility of being returned to Germany and to their certain death. Along with the Castillosincluding Isabels best friend, IvnIsabel; her father, Geraldo; and her pregnant mother, Teresa, leave Havana for Florida. Josef Landauis fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939. What is a conflict in the book Refugee by Alan Gratz? The novels subtler point is that this extraordinariness itself is terrible. It is shabbos and time for Josefs Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish religious ceremony when a Jewish boy turns 13 years old. Though the three stories are historically discrete at first glance, they are linked by the fates of Ruth, Lito, and the Bisharas. What can you learn about the people and the time period from these allusions? A gripping, visceral, and hold-your-breath intense story of three young refugees. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. As Landau's hysteria increases, Josef slaps his father's face. Refugee Summary and Study Guide | SuperSummary We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. He is of average height with brown hair and brown eyes. But Captain Schroeder recognizes the necessity of keeping those hopes alive, and so continues to conceal that there may be trouble when they reach Cuba. In doing so, he is able to atone for a past crime: he is Mariano Padron, one of the police officers who kept the passengers of the St. Louis from disembarking in Cuba in 1939, and only after stalling them for days with the false promise of maana. Interestingly, the stories are also tied together through the symbolism of water and boats. Thus, it would be a mistake to interpret Refugee as only a tale about extraordinary, heroic children. They skipped the chapters on the other two characters, and the students that read Josef's story had to read the last chapter of Mahmoud's . Once he is released, the family flees to Cuba. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Mahmoud Bishara is a twelve-year-old boy who lives in Aleppo, Syria in 2015. In addition, any storyboard can be made sharable, where a private link to the storyboard can be shared externally. Refugee (Alan Gratz) - Pages 74 - 109 Summary & Analysis The Landaus disembark in France, which gives them some months of respite. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. With the threat of concentration camps looming, he and his family board a ship bound for the other side of the world Isabel is a Cuban girl in 1994. However, despite the presence of kind adults like Captain Schroeder, the ship is also haunted by Nazi spies, like Otto Schiendick, who mistreat Jews.
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