It also decided that the Public . Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. /Length 14727 ff>qsfN? Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. /Height 235 By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. Moreover, However, that is not so in a federal government system. >> or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. Email Address. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. The states were later increased to 30 states. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Your email address will not be published. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. 6 0 obj Nigeria. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. |4-Iv British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. ! There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . 2023, Bscholarly LLC. welcome, and thanks for reading us. /Width 371 The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. >> Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements We appreciate you. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Each state has the same level of self-governance. /Contents 4 0 R On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. /F2 9 0 R Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . stream In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. What is federalism? Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Federalism in India. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1.
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