With only minutes to spare, the decision was made to go for the landing.". [10] She also made personal appearances, and Hamilton described the children's usual reaction to her portrayal of the Witch: Almost always they want me to laugh like the Witch. Cameron Diaz Biography, Facts & Life Story, Cam Newton Biography, Facts & Life Story, Roman Reigns Biography, Facts & Life Story, Lindsay Lohan Biography, Facts & Life Story, Christopher Lloyd Biography, Facts & Life Story, Michael Chiklis Biography, Facts & Life Story, Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner. Her most visible appearances during this period were as general store owner, Cora, in a national series of television commercials for Maxwell House coffee. Would spoof her famous role of The Wicked Witch of The West in a 1976 Paul Lynde Halloween Special for television. The Opportunity of a Lifetime. She led a team that was tasked with developing the software for the guidance and control systems of the in-flight command and lunar modules of the Apollo missions. At MIT she began programming software to predict the weather and did postgraduate work in meteorology. It is possible to find relevant details of the biography of this extraordinary pioneer on many websites. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamilton had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 1958. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Margaret Hamilton (* 17. srpna 1936 Paoli) je americk softwarov inenrka a podnikatelka. Hamilton next worked at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory (now the independent Charles Stark Draper Laboratory), which provided aeronautical technology for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. [19] She later moved to Millbrook, New York. A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. View popular celebrities life details, birth signs and real ages. [23] This included error detection and recovery software such as restarts and the Display Interface Routines (also known as the Priority Displays), which Hamilton designed and developed. MIT's instrumentation lab received the contract for the Apollo guidance and control systems on Aug. 9, 1961, when the United States had accomplished only two spaceflights both with just one crewmember on board, and both in suborbital space. [3] She also wrote software for a satellite tracking project at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories. Besides her work in Apollo, she was part of MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Semi-Automatic Ground Environment Air Defense System, or SAGE. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline. City Without Men. Margaret Hamilton Biography, Facts & Life Story. But a software incident almost derailed the landing, as Hamilton recalled in a 2009 interview with MIT. "The award included the largest financial award that NASA had ever presented to any individual up to that point. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in . She often remarked about children coming up to her and asking her why she had been so mean to Dorothy. [16] Hamilton also served as Director of the Software Engineering Division. She is from USA. , money, salary, income, and assets. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. For other people named Margaret Hamilton, see. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio to Jennie and Walter Hamilton. August 17, 2016. She later founded two software companiesHigher Order Software in 1976 and Hamilton Technologies in 1986, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts. "[13] She appeared as herself in three episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, between 1975 and 1976, because Fred Rogers wanted his viewers to recognize the Wicked Witch was just a character and not something to be afraid of. [1], On November 22, 2016, Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from president Barack Obama for her work leading to the development of on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo Moon missions. The mirrors at the Ivanpah plant were configured to create a picture of Hamilton and the Apollo 11 by moonlight. [47] In 1980, British-Israeli computer scientist David Harel published a proposal for a structured programming language derived from HOS from the viewpoint of and/or subgoals. mystery guest on the popular Sunday night CBS-TV program. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 9 December. On weekends, she took her daughter Lauren to the lab to spend time with her, while she worked writing the computer routines that would go on the Apollo command module computer. During the 1960s and 1970s, Hamilton appeared regularly on television. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and (soon) a Bachelor of History from Athabasca University. It was a memorable day when one of the most respected hardware gurus explained to everyone in a meeting that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. Biography of Margaret Hamilton, American scientist, notable computer scientist who worked at NASA in support of Apollo missions. She became very concerned about the role's effect on children, and finally did a guest spot on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968) to explain that the Witch was just a character in the film, and not herself. Hamilton made her debut as a "professional entertainer" on December 9, 1929, in a "program of 'heart rending songs'" in the Charles S. Brooks Theater at the Cleveland Play House. And it was at the age of 22 that she graduated from Earlham . Both those elements were crucial during the Apollo 11 mission (1969), which took astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the Moon. She also wrote a program for the Cambridge Air Force Research Laboratory. From 1961 to 1963, she worked at MIT on an unknown aircraft trajectory tracking project. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Margaret Heafield Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana. Margaret Hamilton, the actress whose role as the cackling Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz unnerved generations of children, died yesterday, apparently of a heart attack, at a nursing home in Salisbury, Connecticut. And sometimes when I go to schools, if we're in an auditorium, I'll do it. Play Girl. Your email address will not be published. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. [14] The SAGE Project was an extension of Project Whirlwind, started by MIT to create a computer system that could predict weather systems and track their movements using simulators. However, in By Your Leave (1934), she plays his housekeeper, and in Saratoga (1937), she has a colloquy with Morgan regarding a cosmetic product he invented (with side glances and eye rolls by Morgan as to its effect on her "beauty"). She was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. American software engineer and businesswoman, American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist. For ABC's short-lived radio anthology Theatre-Five, she played a manipulative ailing Aunt Lettie to Joan Lorring as the unhappy niece Maude in "Noose of Pearls". They're scared. In those years, there were no programming languages like at the end of the 20th century. [18] In 1979, she was a guest speaker at a University of Connecticut children's literature class. For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering. At the time, no schools taught software engineering, so the team members had to work out any problems on their own. This depended on our assigning a unique priority to every process in the software in order to ensure that all of its events would take place in the correct order and at the right time relative to everything else that was going on. [1] Her remains were cremated at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery, and her ashes were scattered in Amenia, New York.[20]. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. This brilliant mathematician, systems engineer, and computational scientist, was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. She was portrayed by Fenella Woolgar in "Judy" (2019). According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. In 2019, she was awarded The Washington Award. Half a century ago, MIT played a critical role in the development of the flight software for NASAs Apollo program, which landed humans on the Moon for the first time in 1969. MIT Museum: Margaret Hamilton Apollo Photos. Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio and practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. As an adult, she worked on NASA's Apollo program, creating computer programs to guide spacecraft to and from the moon. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Bill Dunford "Everything was going according to plan until something totally unexpected happened, just as the astronauts were in the process of landing on the moon," she recalled. Even adolescents. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. In 2003, she was given the NASA Exceptional Space Act Award for scientific and technical contributions. For her last stage role, she was cast as Madame Armfeldt in the Stephen Sondheim musical A Little Night Music, singing the song "Liaisons" for the national tour costarring with Jean Simmons as her daughter Desiree. Later in life, she would comment on the role of the witch in a light-hearted fashion. "The NASA Heritage of Creativity." Hamilton also appears as an unidentified flying witch during the tornado scene, which may have been the Wicked Witch of the West or her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East. In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. It meant that if Aldrin, say, hit a button on the priority display too quickly, he might still get a "normal" response. (Image credit: The White House via collectSPACE.com). Dishonored Lady. 1967) {Ex-Husband}, Your email address will not be published. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. I said, 'Yes?' Contrary to her character, one of the top villains in movie . (Apollo 13 aborted before landing due to an explosion in the command module's service area.). According to MIT, this was the first air defense system for the country and helped to push forward digital computing in the 1950s and 1960s. She is one of the people credited with coining the term "software engineering". Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, They have a daughter named Lauren. The company was developed around the Universal Systems Language (USL) and its associated automated environment, the 001 Tool Suite, based on her paradigm of development before the fact for systems design and software development.[32][51][52]. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. skywriting sequence at the Emerald City. She was a distant cousin of Neil Hamilton, with whom she appeared in By Your Leave (1934). She appeared on an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood in 1975 where she explained to children she was only playing a role and showed how putting on a costume "transformed" her into the witch. For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. Among them, there were 6 in which the man stepped on the floor of the Moon. Margaret had already built her resume with several performances in film before she came to her most memorable and astronomically successful role, Almira Gulch / The Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939). New York, Apollo 9 tested out the lunar module and command module together in Earth orbit for the first time, and then the two spacecraft were tested again in lunar orbit for Apollo 10. A century earlier, she had a worthy British predecessor named Ada Lovelace. While studying mathematics and philosophy at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, she met James Hamilton, and they subsequently married. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Phil Davis It was an ongoing joke for a long time. Margaret Elaine Hamilton (born Heafield on August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. They like to hear it but they 'don't' like to hear it. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). When she was studying at Earlham College, she met James Hamilton. At MIT, Margaret Hamilton was on the staff of the Draper Laboratory, founded in 1932 by Dr. Charles Stark Draper. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. ", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. She spent 11 days in hospital and her legs were permanently scarred. It was her code that enabled the human race to travel to the moon and back. We knew that. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. "From 'Kiddie Lit' to Children's Literature: The Biography of Francelia Butler." President Barack Obama presents Apollo code developer Margaret Hamilton (at left) and "Apollo 13" actor Tom Hanks (right) with the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Nov. 22, 2016. She served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951 and was a Sunday school teacher during the 1950s. A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. It was July 20, 1969. "It quickly became clear that the software was not only informing everyone that there was a hardware-related problem, but that the software was compensating for it. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. !' "Deeply Integrated Guidance Navigation Unit (DI-GNU) Common Software Architecture Principles". [10] She says her poet father and headmaster grandfather inspired her to include a minor in philosophy in her studies. Hamilton spent six weeks recovering from the incident and refused to do any more fire-related stunts on the film set. With the intention of pursuing graduate studies, Margaret moved to Massachusetts. And what had happened was it was tricky programming, and the person who wrote it took delight in the fact that all of his comments were in Greek and Latin. [13][14][15] Her work contributed to Lorenz's publications on chaos theory. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. In addition to requiring a deep understanding of computers, it was not easy to write just over 400,000 lines of code that were inserted into the operating system of the lunar module in the Apollo missions. Hamilton, a 24-year-old with an undergrad degree in mathematics, had gotten a job as a programmer at MIT, and the plan was for her to support her husband through his three-year stint at Harvard. [36], Hamilton's priority alarm displays interrupted the astronauts' normal displays to warn them that there was an emergency "giving the astronauts a go/no go decision (to land or not to land)".
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